Helen Bonny, Ph.D., has been one
of the pioneers in Music Therapy. Her use of Guided Imagery and Music has
become a mainstay in the therapeutic use of music. Bonny's work began in the
1960's at the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center at Johns Hopkins University
in Baltimore. "Music Therapy is essentially non-musical in nature. The
goal of music therapy is reduction of psycho-physiologic stress, pain, anxiety
or isolation. It assists people to achieve a state of deep relaxation, develop
self-awareness and creativity, improve learning, clarify personal values, and
cope with a wide variety of psycho-physiologic dysfunctions." Bonny's
approach focuses on a one-on-one private psychological practice utilizing
classical music to evoke mental imagery and elicit symbols and deep feelings
from within the patient's consciousness. The therapist's task is merely to keep
the flow of images and expression going throughout the therapy session. This
allows the patient to organically access their deeper conscious self and find
answers to longstanding questions about themselves.
In the medical setting, Bonny
feels music plays an important role in the recovery of the surgical patient.
"Hearing is the last sense lost before sleep and the first sense regained
upon lightening of anesthesia. Traditionally, the speaking voice and human
touch have been used for comfort and reassurance in hospital settings, but
personnel cannot always be present to facilitate this support. Music, or the
"touch of sound," may be a good substitute."
Bonny was involved in a study
at Jefferson General Hospital of twenty-five patients who were undergoing
surgery with either regional or general anesthetic. Through her work with
patients, she feels that multi-dimensional, non-verbal characteristics of music
(which stimulate the right brain functioning) help to cross through linear,
verbal communication channels.
Long
believed to be relaxing or stress reducing, a cat’s purr has now been shown
scientifically to create vibrations or frequencies that cause bone fractures to
heal faster and weakened bones to begin to strengthen and rebuild.
Researcher
Elizabeth von Muggenthaler of the Fauna Communications Research Institute in
North Carolina, a specialist in the field of bioacoustics, found that house
cats purr at about 25 and 50 Hz, the optimum frequencies that induce increased
bone density.
A
National Geographic report in January, 2001 (p.11) reported that chickens
placed on a vibrating plate for 20 minutes daily resulted in stronger bone
growth. In 1994, the Chinese Journal of Surgery, [32 (4), 217-219] presented in
“The Effects of Frequency of Mechanical Vibration on Experimental Fracture
Healing” that rabbits exposed to these same frequencies increased bone strength
by 20%.
One type of psycho-physiologic
response happens when people shift to altered states of consciousness. When an
individual uses music for relaxation, their abstract thinking is slowed down as
they remain in a normal waking state. As they continue with their process of
relaxation, the individual moves through the remainder of the six states of
consciousness; expanded sensory threshold, daydreaming, trance, meditative
states, and rapture.
In these states of
consciousness, time takes on a different meaning for the individual. Often
during music therapy sessions, the individual will lose track of time for
extended periods, which in turn helps them to reduce feelings of anxiety, fear,
and pain.
Scientific studies have shown that
music therapy helps to relieve pain and reduce stress and anxiety for the
patient, resulting in physiological changes, including:
Music therapy has been shown
to have a significant effect on a patient's perceived effectiveness of
treatment, pain reduction, relaxation, slowed respiration rate, lessened
anxiety levels, and an overall increased sense of well-being.
CYMATICS
Cymatics is the science of how sound waves translate into physical
patterns. The implication is that sound is formative. This fascinating science is the foundation of work
being studied by Dr. Sir Peter Guy Manners (10.) about the applications and
implications of cymatics on healing.
Elizabeth Colorio (11.), doctor of bioenergetic medicine and research director
at Cymatherapy International, talks about the relationship of sound/vibratory
pattern and the state of wellness within our bodies.
“Human tissue in itself is an
energy system. Impedance to energy flow within the tissue can be a predecessor
to tissue dysfunction, and dysfunction in the tissues changes their vibratory
resonant characteristics.
Certain precisely-specified frequencies, amplitudes, and waveforms are
associated with healthy, electrically balanced (homeostatic) functioning of the
body as a whole and of its various parts. Certain other frequencies,
amplitudes, and waveforms either accompany unhealthy tissue or imbalanced
disruptions or serve as early warning signals.”
Cymatics research shows a correlation with the auditory environment and
wellness. People inundated with strident sounds of an urban environment are
more likely to become unbalanced or unhealthy than a person who is surrounded
by nature sounds in a rural environment.
Dr. Colorio believes that “the auditory environment that engulfs us during the
course of our day impacts the balance of our innate resonant frequencies or
vibratory response. Our bodies are able to tune in to healthy or unhealthy
vibrations in our environment. Exposure to either good or bad frequencies
impacts us physiologically as it does all matter.
”As human beings, we attempt by nature to avoid noxious frequencies or
vibrational patterns we consider harmful or ‘out of tune’ with our own. Think
of our instinctual reaction to the sound of a screeching siren, or even to a
musical style we do not like. Notice that when the radio station is playing
music that we do not like or consider annoying, we instinctually change it and ‘tune
in’ to one whose musical style we prefer or feel more comfortable with at the
moment.
Cymatics confirms what we already feel — that certain auditory
environments are harmful to our physiological balance.
According to Dr. Colorio, “the Einsteinian view of vibrational medicine is that
human beings are a multidimensional organism composed of physical/cellular
systems in dynamic interplay with complex regulatory energy fields. Cymatic
therapies, which belong to the field of vibrational medicine, target these
energy fields, directing sound energy into the body to correct and restore the
balance of the resonance frequencies within.
“There are literally hundreds of ‘signature vibrations’ of healthy organs and
tissues. Each commutation, or harmonious combination, of frequencies is
supportive to the specific tissues it is designed to bring into resonant
balance. All of these signature vibrations are the inherent resonant
frequencies of the tissue to be targeted in its optimal or healthiest state of
wellness.”
Dr. Manners's study of the frequencies of healthy tissue in Germany was able to
detect and record the frequencies of tissue with the help of instrumentation
designed to capture and record those frequencies. In the 1950s, Professor
Gaveau of the Sorbonne in Paris, Dr. Brunner from Germany, Dr. Harold S. Burr
from Yale University, and Swiss scientist Dr. Hans Jenny were each involved in
research into these phenomena. Dr. Manners collated the results of their work
and concluded that, "every part of the body — the heart, the lungs,
the liver, the kidney, the muscles, the bones, the nerves — possesses a
harmonic. These harmonics are now tabulated. We know what they are, and they
can be played back into the structure and the system."
TESTIMONIALS
FROM www.soundfeelings.com:
“I laughed. I cried. I met demons who chased me, fought with me and who,
when I won the fight, became my friends. I danced through a shower of light so
healing, it brought me to my knees in gratefulness. And all these things
happened to me as I listened to a piece of music composed especially for people
with cancer.”—Name withheld by
request
“I was laying on the bed and I could smell three distinctive odors I
haven’t even thought about for a long time, which were pleasant odors to me.
And then I felt like crying and my leg was moving in time with the rhythm in
small short contractions and my knee, which has been bothering me off and on
since July, — it was releasing the tension in my knee by that movement!
And when I got done listening the pain was gone in that knee. It just released
that stress so quickly! I was amazed! If that’s all it ever does for me it’s
well worth the price. And I'm sure it will help me in much more ways as I
continue to use it. Thank you very much for your music and your tape and I’ll
continue to let you know of good things that happen to me. Thank you!” —Susan Egbert, recovering from brain injury,
South Jordan, UT
“While recuperating from surgery last year I played the tape several
times a day. The music is beautiful and reflects so many wonderful things in
life. I continue to play the tape when feeling stressed due to my very busy
schedule. I have also found it very soothing when trying to get back to sleep
after being called to the emergency room at three o’clock in the morning. The
Feeling Stressed tape is the most effective music that I have heard for stress
and relaxation. I shall recommend it to my friends, colleagues, and especially
my new mothers.”—Marvin
Nierenberg, M.D., Encino, CA
“I would strongly recommend it as a standard item for everyone’s home
supplies when stress and pain complicate a medical condition. No other tape has
been as useful.” —Sally Harrison,
M.A., Psychologist, Quest Management Consultants, Fallbrook, CA
“Once I had finished listening to the music I felt more relaxed, rested
and at peace. I didn’t notice this while the music was playing. However, I did
feel the long term effects of the whole piece after it was over. The guided
imagery gave my body a sense of wholeness uniting the physical body with the
mind and gaining a greater sense of awareness and energy. It helped take away
the negative and restore new energy and hope. I felt like I took time out to
take care of myself.” —Andrea Wasserman, Physical
Therapist, PT, PhD, Woodland Hills, CA
Music / Sound Glossary
Sound:
-
Transmitted vibrations of any frequency including those outside the range of
human hearing.
- The sensation stimulated in the organs of hearing by such vibrations in the
air or other medium.
- A distinctive noise.
Music:
-
Transmitted vibrations of any frequency including those outside the range of
human hearing.
- The sensation stimulated in the organs of hearing by such vibrations in the
air or other medium.
- A distinctive noise.
Harmony:
-
Simultaneous combination of notes
- The study of the structure, progression and relation of chords
- Combination of sounds considered pleasing to the ear.
Harmonics:
- Of or
relating to harmony.
-
Integrated in nature.
- Series of overtones produced as an integral multiple of a fundamental tone.
- The theory or study of the physical properties and characteristics of musical
sound.
Vibration:
- A rapid
back and forth motion or oscillation.
- To shake or move with or as if with a slight quivering or trembling motion.
- To produce sound; resonate.
Resonant:
- Strong
and deep in tone, resounding.
- Continuing to sound in the ears or memory; echoing.
- Having a prolonged subtle or stimulating effect beyond the initial impact.
Dissonant:
-
Discordant
- A clashing musical interval
Consonant:
- Harmony
or agreement among components.
- Correspondence or re-occurrence of sounds; repetition.
- An agreeable combination of sounds or musical notes
Coherency:
- The
action or fact of stitching together, cohesion
- Logical connection, congruity, consistency
- Harmonious connection of the several parts of a discourse, system, etc., so
that the whole works together
FOOTNOTES AND REFERENCES
1. Deepak
Chopra, M.D. Educational Director of the Chopra Center for Well Being. Dr.
Chopra was formerly chief of staff at New England Memorial Hospital. He taught
at Tufts Univ. and Boston Univ. School of Medicine. Acknowledged as one of the world's greatest leaders in
the field of mind body medicine, he continues to transform our understanding of
the meaning of health. Through his creation of The Chopra Center for Well Being
in California in 1995, Chopra established a formal vehicle for the expansion of
his healing approach using the integration of the best of western medicine with
natural healing traditions. As the Director of Education at The Chopra Center, he
leads and develops training programs in mind body medicine. The University of
California, San Diego School of Medicine has granted continuing medical
education credits for this program, which satisfies requirements for the
American Medical Association Physician’s Recognition Award. Through his
partnership with David Simon, M.D. and numerous health care professionals in
both conventional and complementary healing arts, Chopra's work is changing the
way the world views physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and social wellness.
Chopra is known as the prolific author of over 42 books,
more than 100 audio, video and CD-ROM titles which have been translated into 35
languages with over 20 million copies sold worldwide. As the keynote speaker,
he appeared at the inauguration of the State of the World Forum, hosted by
Mikhail Gorbachev and the Peace and Human Progress Foundation, founded by the
former president of Costa Rica and Nobel Peace prizewinner Oscar Arias. Chopra
serves as an Adjunct Professor at Kellogg School of Management and is the
recipient of the Einstein Award through Albert Einstein College of Medicine in
collaboration with the American Journal of Psychotherapy. Along with
Nobel Peace Laureates Oscar Arias, Betty Williams and others, Deepak Chopra is
a founding director of the Alliance for the New Humanity, committed to creating
a critical mass of consciousness in the world for social justice, economical
freedom, ecological balance and conflict resolution.
2. Dr.
Alfred A. Tomatis, 1/1/1920 – 12/26/2001. Famous Ear, Nose and
Throat specialist in Paris, started studying the impact of occupational noise
after World War II. He laid the groundwork for a new multi-disciplinary science
called Audio-Psycho-Phonology (APP), which explains "why the way we
listen" has a profound impact on almost all aspects of our being.His discovery opened a whole new area of research, discoveries for
which he was named Knight of Public Health of France in 1951 and the gold medal
for Scientific Research in Brussels, 1958. Tomatis has written 14 books
and numerous articles.
Tomatis
found that people who are right ear dominant learn much more easily. With a strong background in
neurology, he readily understood that the right ear is connected to the left
brain, the place where language is processed - a fast and accurate connection.
The left ear, however, is connected to the right brain, where language cannot
be processed. It has to jump via the corpus callosum to the left brain.
The Tomatis
Listening Therapy, still highly regarded today, has helped children and adults
with auditory processing problems, dyslexia, learning disabilities, attention
deficit disorders, autism, and those with sensory integration and motor-skill
difficulties. It has also helped adults fight depression, learn foreign
languages faster, develop better communication skills, and improve both
creativity and on-the-job performance. Many musicians, singers and actors also
found it helpful in fine-tuning their artistic skills.
3. www.musictherapy.org
4. Amrita Cottrell - Founding Director, The Healing Music Organization - Santa
Cruz, CA, www.healingmusic.org;
Member, Faculty,
California Institute of Psychoacoustics - San Francisco, CA; Teacher-
California Institute of Psychoacoustics - San Francisco, CA, Founder and
Director -Center of Harmonic Living, Santa Cruz, CA
5. The
Mozart Effect®, Don Campbell - Campbell is a recognized authority on
the transformative power of music, listening, and The Mozart Effect®. In
Campbell's unique view, music is not only a rich and rewarding aesthetic
experience but an easily accessible bridge to a more creative, intelligent,
healthy, and joy-filled life. His singular mission is to help return music to
its central place in the modern world as a resource for growth, development,
health, and celebration.
Campbell
provides compelling evidence of the influence of particular sounds, tones, and
rhythms on mental performance and creativity, as well as in the treatment of
disease. Interweaving the riveting stories of ordinary men and women with solid
research by doctors, psychologists, and music therapists, he shows how music can be used to
improve memory and learning, boost productivity, soothe jangled nerves,
strengthen endurance, unlock creative impulses, sound away pain, and heal the
body from a host of ailments.
6. Mind Body Medicine: How to Use Your Mind for Better
Health
by Daniel
Goleman (Editor), – “Written almost
exclusively by M.D.s and Ph.D.s, this collection of essays takes a calm and
serious view of alternative medicine without endorsing all its ideas. The
authors clearly explain how a person's thoughts and feelings affect disease,
discussing the latest scientific findings on such subjects as the placebo
effect, mind and stress, and how the immune system is affected by emotions.
They examine techniques like meditation and exercise in relation to specific
medical conditions. The essays are comprehensive, objective, and practical,
depicting the new techniques as complements to rather than replacements of
standard medical therapy.” Library Journal
7. Wholeness
and the Implicate Order by David Bohm (1917-1992) - Bohm was
arguably the most famous physicist of the second half of the twentieth century.
He was an almost unique figure among scientists in that though heavily
influenced by Einstein, he was also inspired by Mysticism - late in his life he
made contact with both J. Krishnamurti and the Dalai Lama, who both influenced
his work. In this classic work David Bohm develops a theory of quantum physics
which treats the totality of existence as an unbroken whole.
8. Fabien Maman is a musician, composer, acupuncturist, author, researcher, healer,
teacher, “bioenergetician” and martial artist. As a musician/composer, he
performed his original compositions in the great concert halls of the world,
including Carnegie Hall, the Tokyo Opera, the Paris Olympia and the Berlin
Philharmonic. He was the recipient in 1980 of the Grande Prix de Composition
Francaise. In 1977, Fabien became an acupuncturist, linking music with
acupuncture. He created the now famous system which uses tuning forks instead
of needles on acupuncture command points.
In the
early 80’s, Fabien conducted his revolutionary biology experiments at the
University of Jussieu in Paris, showing the impacts of acoustic sound on human
cells and their energy fields. Fabien found that through a series of acoustic
sounds, he could explode cancer cells, as well as energize and empower healthy
ones.
Fabien has taught and lectured
around the world including College de France, Atman College de Osteopathie de
Nice, Academic Hospital of Leningrad, the Bristol Cancer Clinic in England and
IBRACHI, the Acupuncture College of Sao Paolo, Brazil. He also teaches every
summer for his Academy in the South of France.
In the United States, he was a key
speaker for the World Research Foundation, the 11th Congress of Alternative
Medicine, and at the second and third Sound Colloquia. He has taught at the
Portland College of Acupuncture, and, for five years, he has taught at the New
York Open Center. He is the author of a series of four books: From Star to
Cell: A Sound Structure for the Twenty-First Century.
9. Mitchell
Gaynor, M.D., Medical Oncologist, Director of Medical Oncology and Integrative
Medicine at the Strang-Cornell Cancer Prevention Center and New York Hospital,
and author of Sounds of Healing: A Physician Reveals the Therapeutic Power of
Sound, Voice and Music; Broadway Books, June, 1999
10. Dr.
Sir Peter Guy Manners - British medical doctor and osteopath who collated the
work that had been done in cymatics research and developed from it the therapy
of Cymatics, therapy using a toning device to transmit into diseased areas of
the body the signature vibrations of healthy organs and tissues.
Dr. Manners started off in ordinary medicine but soon reached a startling
realization while observing doctors in the process of treating their patients.
Knowing that there had to be a better way of healing than what was taught to
him in medical school, Dr. Manners traveled all over the world seeking to find
out what other options existed for treating patients. He studied with
scientists in Germany, Russia, and the United States. Manners found that making
forms and shapes with sound coincided with the forms and shapes of anatomy and
physiology. Out of this observation came Cymatics, or Bioresonance, therapy -
the use of sound to transform diseased tissue into its healthy counterpart.
11. Elizabeth Colorio is
director of research, development and education at Cymatherapy International.
As a registered nurse, she specialized in critical care medicine before
becoming a seeker of greater knowledge and scientific truth in research. She is
registered with the World Health Organization as a doctor of cymatics and
bioenergetic medicine.
General References
Bonny, H.L. Ph.D., McCarron, N.,
CRNA, "Music as an adjunct to anesthesia in operative procedures",
Journal of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, (February, 1984)
55-57. Krippner, S., The Highest State of Consciousness, (New York: Doubleday
& Co., 1972)
Brodie, Renee, The Healing Tones
of Crystal Bowls, Aroma Art, 1996.
Gaynor, Mitchell L., Sounds of Healing: A Physician Reveals the Therapeutic
Power of Sound and Music, Broadway Books, 1999
Gerber, MD, Richard, Vibrational Medicine, Bear & Company, 1988.
Goldman, Jonathan, Healing
Sounds: The Power of Harmonics, Element Books, 1992
Harvey, Arthur, Ph.D., "Healing and Music", Open Ear: Music for
Health Services Foundation (Spring, 1995)
Keyes, L.E., Toning: The Creative Power of the Voice (Marina delRey,
California: Devorss and Co., 1973)
Journal References
Arathuzik D.(1994) Effects of cognitive-behavioral strategies
on pain in cancer
patients. Cancer Nurs. 1994;7:207-214.
Bailey, Lucanne Magill (1983) The Effects of Live Music versus Tape-recorded
Music on Hospitalized Cancer Patients, Music Therapy, 1983, Vol. #, pp. 17-28. The
Use of Songs in Music Therapy With Cancer Patients and Their Families, Music
Therapy , 1984, Vol. 4, pp. 5-17
Bartlett, D., Kaufman, D., & Smeltekop, R. (1993). The effects of music
listening and perceived sensory experiences on the immune system. Journal of
Music Therapy, 30, 194-209.
Beck, S.L. (1991) The therapeutic use of music for cancer-related pain.
Oncol.Nurs.Forum 1991; 18:1327-1337.
Boldt, S. (1996). The effects of music therapy on motivation, psychological
well-being, physical comfort, and exercise endurance of bone marrow transplant
patients. Journal of Music Therapy, 33(3), 1996, 164-188.
Brodsky, Warren (1989) Music Therapy as an Intervention for Children with
Cancer in Isolation Rooms, Music Therapy , 1989, Vol. 8, pp. 17-34
Bunt, Leslie and Marston-Wyld, Joanna (1995) Where Words Fail Music Takes Over:
A Collaborative Study by a Music Therapist and a Counselor in the Context of
Cancer Care, Music Therapy Perspectives, 1995, Vol. 13, pp. 46-50
Cook, Janet D (1986) Music as an Intervention in the Oncology Setting, Cancer
Nursing, 1986, Vol. 9, pp. 23-28
Johnston, Kelly
and Rohaly-Davis, Jacqueline (1996) An Introduction to Music Therapy: Helping
the Oncology Patient in the ICU, Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, 1996, Vol.
18, pp. 54-60
Lane, D. L. (1991). The effect of a single music therapy session on
hospitalized children as measured by salivary Immunoglobulin A., speech pause
time, and a patient opinion Lickert scale. Pediatric Research, 29, (4, part 2),
11A.
Lane, Deforia, Music Therapy: A Gift Beyond Measure, Oncology Nursing Forum,
1992, Vol. 19, pp. 863-867
Loewy, J. (1997). Music therapy pediatric pain management: Assessing and
attending to the sounds of hurt, fear and anxiety, Music Therapy and Pediatric
Pain, (pp. 45-56). Jeffrey Books.
Malone, A. B. (1996). The effects of live music on the distress of pediatric
patients receiving intravenous starts, venipunctures, injections, and heel
sticks. Journal of Music Therapy, 33, 19-33.
Milton, D. (1998) Integration of Music into Cancer Care. AAOHN Journal
September,1998; 46(9), 454-461.
Pfaff, V. K., Smith, K. E., & Gowan, D. (1989), The effects of
music-assisted relaxation on the distress of pediatric cancer patients
undergoing bone marrow aspirations. Children's Health Care, 18, pp. 232-236.
Robb, S. L.,
Nichols, R. J., Rutan, R. L., Bishop, B. L., & Parker, J. C. (1995). The
effects of music assisted relaxation on preoperative anxiety. Journal of Music
Therapy, 32(1), 2-21.
Sabo, Carolyn E. and Rush-Michael, Susan (1996) The Influence of Personal
Message with Music on Anxiety and Side Effects Associated with Chemotherapy,
Cancer Nursing, 1996, Vol. 19, pp. 283-289
Slivka, Harriet H. and Magill, Lucanne (1986) The Conjoint Use of Social Work
and Music Therapy in Working with Children of Cancer Patients, Music Therapy,
1986, Vol. 6A, pp. 30-40
Standley, J. (1992a). Clinical applications of music and chemotherapy: The
effects on nausea and emesis. Music Therapy Perspectives, 10(1), 27-35. West,
Therese Marie (1994) Psychological Issues in Hospice Music Therapy, Music
Therapy Perspectives, 1994, Vol. 12, pp. 117-123.
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and Reading List
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